想抬手，手不动。想说话，嘴不听。对脊髓损伤、脑卒中等患者来说，大脑发出的指令，可能再也无法顺利传到肌肉。脑机接口要做的，是绕开受损的神经通路，在大脑和外部设备之间重新搭一座桥。今年8月，同济医院完成华中地区首例全侵入式脑机接口手术，一名55岁的高位截瘫患者，开始尝试用意念操控电脑。7月，武汉大学人民医院完成全球首例高分辨率半侵入式视网膜脑机接口临床验证，失明患者能够辨认汉字、抓取物品。技术正在病房里改变现实。病房之外，一场产业竞速也已开始。
Want to raise a hand—the hand doesn't move. Want to speak—the mouth doesn't obey. For patients with spinal cord injuries and strokes, commands from the brain may never again reach the muscles smoothly. What brain-computer interfaces do is bypass damaged neural pathways and rebuild a bridge between the brain and external devices. In August this year, Tongji Hospital completed central China's first fully invasive BCI surgery; a 55-year-old high-level paraplegic patient began trying to control a computer with thoughts. In July, Wuhan University People's Hospital completed the world's first high-resolution semi-invasive retinal BCI clinical validation; blind patients could recognize Chinese characters and grasp objects. Technology is changing reality in hospital wards. Outside the wards, an industrial race has also begun.
10月16日晚，湖北省委、省政府在华中科技大学举办首场科创沙龙，脑机接口成为聚焦主题。9天前，武汉召开全市脑机接口产业发展专题会，明确提出提升创新能力、开拓应用场景，打造全国脑机接口科技和产业创新高地。会上，同济医院党委书记、华中科技大学脑机接口研究院院长唐洲平给武汉的定位是，整体实力位居全国第一方阵。单项上看，武汉手里还握有一批先发优势，全国第一套脑机接口医疗服务价格、全国率先开设脑机接口医工融合病房、全国首个脑机接口医保数据研究中心、全国首个脑科学与技术交叉学科博士点。
On the evening of October 16, the Hubei Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government held the first science and innovation salon at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, with BCI as the focus theme. Nine days earlier, Wuhan held a citywide BCI industry development special meeting, explicitly proposing to enhance innovation capability, open application scenarios, and build a national BCI technology and industrial innovation highland. At the meeting, Tang Zhouping, Party Secretary of Tongji Hospital and Dean of HUST's BCI Research Institute, positioned Wuhan as being in the national first tier in overall strength. On individual items, Wuhan holds a batch of first-mover advantages—China's first BCI medical service pricing, the country's first BCI medical-engineering integration ward, the country's first BCI medical insurance data research center, and the country's first "Brain Science and Technology" interdisciplinary doctoral program.
今年3月，脑机接口第一次写进国务院政府工作报告，与量子科技、6G等并列为六大未来产业之一。目前，脑机接口的技术路径有三种，侵入式，电极放进大脑，信号最真，但要开颅，半侵入式，电极置于硬脑膜外或下，风险与信号折中，被看作医疗级的主流，非侵入式，戴顶帽子就能采集，信号弱一些，多用于康复和监测。这三种技术路线，武汉都有人在做且都做出了临床案例。全国不多见。
In March this year, BCI was written into the State Council government work report for the first time, listed alongside quantum technology and 6G as one of six major future industries. Currently, BCI has three technical routes—invasive, with electrodes placed in the brain, truest signal but requiring craniotomy; semi-invasive, with electrodes placed outside or under the dura mater, balancing risk and signal, regarded as the medical-grade mainstream; non-invasive, with a "hat" for collection, weaker signal, mostly used for rehabilitation and monitoring. Wuhan has people working on all three technical routes and has produced clinical cases for all. This is rare nationally.
去年，协和医院开设脑机接口医工融合病房。一年多下来，超200名脊髓损伤、脑卒中、帕金森、癫痫患者在这里治疗。偏瘫患者的手指最难恢复，医院索性拉着企业一起做高通道矩阵式电刺激系统，有患者练了两个月，能弹简单的曲子。中南医院把无创脑机接口用到脑肿瘤术后康复，康复周期比传统方案缩短近一半。武大人民医院心血管内科用它防心源性猝死，受试者的风险降低了71%。现在，同济、协和等医院的脑机接口临床试验超过60项，其中六成以上是外省企业委托的。同济医院的一位专家说，武汉的临床资源，已成为全国脑机接口企业绕不开的验证高地。
Last year, Union Hospital opened a BCI medical-engineering integration ward. Over a year, more than 200 patients with spinal cord injuries, strokes, Parkinson's, and epilepsy have been treated here. Hemiplegic patients' fingers are hardest to recover; the hospital simply pulled enterprises in to build a high-channel matrix electrical stimulation system—one patient practiced for two months and could play simple tunes. Zhongnan Hospital applied non-invasive BCI to post-brain-tumor rehabilitation, shortening recovery cycles by nearly half compared to traditional plans. Wuhan University People's Hospital's cardiovascular department used it to prevent sudden cardiac death, reducing subjects' risk by 71%. Currently, Tongji, Union, and other hospitals have over 60 BCI clinical trials, over 60% commissioned by out-of-province enterprises. A Tongji Hospital expert said Wuhan's clinical resources have become a validation highland that national BCI enterprises cannot bypass.
外地企业为什么来到武汉。脑机接口不是把设备做出来就算成功。产品能否适配不同患者、能否稳定采集信号、能否经受规范的临床验证，都需要医院参与。武汉丰富的病例资源和医工协同能力，恰好提供了这样的条件。把武汉脑机接口产业的地图摊开，还能看到一个有意思的细节，沿着地铁2号线，串起了产业链上的多个环节。金融港北站，衷华脑机专注侵入式芯片研发，佛祖岭站，依瑞德将经颅磁仪做成爆款，光谷广场站周边，沃亿生物、格林泰克攻关脑图谱、柔性电极，中山公园站连通协和、同济医院，临床上场。一条线，从电极到病房，都在半小时车程里。
Why do out-of-province enterprises come to Wuhan. BCI is not successful just by making the device. Whether products can adapt to different patients, stably collect signals, and withstand standardized clinical validation all require hospital participation. Wuhan's rich case resources and medical-engineering collaboration capabilities provide exactly such conditions. Opening Wuhan's BCI industry map reveals an interesting detail—along Metro Line 2, multiple links in the industry chain are connected. At Jinronggang North Station, Zhonghua BCI focuses on invasive chip R&D; at Fosuling Station, Yirui De made transcranial magnetic stimulators into a hit; around Guanggu Square Station, Woyi Biology and Gelinteke tackle brain mapping and flexible electrodes; at Zhongshan Park Station, Union and Tongji hospitals connect for clinical deployment. One line, from electrodes to wards, all within half an hour's drive.
系统上，衷华脑机的高通量植入式系统做到6.5万通道双向，全链路国产化，电极微针和头发丝差不多粗。电极这一环，格林泰克是国内非侵入式领域的卖水人，总经理李明哲说，行业里基本90%的非侵入式脑机接口公司，用的都是我们的电极方案，神舟十七号航天员那顶脑电帽，出自他们。器件之上是整机，依瑞德集团的产品进了全球5000多家医疗机构，去年拿到国内首张精神领域经颅磁三类证。新兴的产业链还吸引了外来户。清华电子系孵化的宁矩科技，原本在北京，今年把高带宽脑机接口系统研发基地和专用芯片公共服务平台放到了光谷。目前，武汉培育集聚了20多家重点企业，初步形成以东湖高新区为核心、多区协同的发展格局。
On systems, Zhonghua BCI's high-throughput implantable system achieves 65,000 channels bidirectional, full-chain domestic production, with electrode "microneedles" as thin as a hair. On electrodes, Gelinteke is the domestic non-invasive field's "water seller"—General Manager Li Mingzhe said, "Basically 90% of non-invasive BCI companies in the industry use our electrode solutions." The Shenzhou 17 astronauts' EEG caps came from them. Above devices are complete machines—Yirui De Group's products entered over 5,000 medical institutions globally, and last year obtained China's first psychiatric transcranial magnetic Class III certificate. The emerging industry chain also attracted outsiders. Ningju Technology, incubated by Tsinghua's Electronics Department, was originally in Beijing and this year placed its high-bandwidth BCI system R&D base and dedicated chip public service platform in Optics Valley. Currently, Wuhan has cultivated and gathered over 20 key enterprises, initially forming a development pattern with East Lake High-tech Zone as the core and multi-district coordination.
武汉还有一手，制度跑在产品前面。去年3月，国家医保局为脑机接口单独设立收费项目。同月，湖北发布全国第一套脑机接口服务价格，侵入式置入6552元一次，取出3139元一次，非侵入式适配966元一次。那时，国内还没有一款脑机接口器械获批上市。8个月后，同济医院完成全国首例纳入医疗服务项目的脑机接口手术，患者为31岁脊髓损伤者。此外，武汉还将脑机接口纳入十五五规划，列为965重点产业链之一，先后出台两轮脑机接口产业发展专项行动方案。放眼全国，这道题不止一个解法。北京把源头和体量做到了顶，上海把资本跑通了，深圳靠电子信息的老底子专攻非侵入式量产。唐洲平表示，临床应用、创新策源，武汉不比北京、上海差，武汉的机会，在于把临床资源进一步转化为技术研发的牵引力。
Wuhan has another move—institutions running ahead of products. In March last year, the National Healthcare Security Administration separately established BCI charging items. The same month, Hubei released the country's first BCI service pricing—invasive implantation 6,552 yuan per procedure, removal 3,139 yuan, non-invasive adaptation 966 yuan. At that time, no BCI device had been approved for market in China. Eight months later, Tongji Hospital completed the country's first BCI surgery included in medical service items, with a 31-year-old spinal cord injury patient. Additionally, Wuhan included BCI in its 15th Five-Year Plan, listing it as one of the "965" key industry chains, and successively issued two rounds of BCI industry development special action plans. Nationally, this question has more than one solution. Beijing has maximized source and scale, Shanghai has run through capital, and Shenzhen relies on its electronics foundation to specialize in non-invasive mass production. Tang Zhouping said Wuhan is not inferior to Beijing and Shanghai in clinical application and innovation sourcing; Wuhan's opportunity lies in further converting clinical resources into technology R&D traction.
场景这张牌，武汉要怎么打。依瑞德董事长蔡胜安认为，场景就是市场，市场就是产业，抓住了场景，就是抓住了牛鼻子。他建议，武汉打造1个世界级的示范场景、10个省一级的、100个市一级的示范场景。唐洲平说，真正的脑机接口不仅应用在医疗场景，将来医疗应用只是一个小领域，未来会应用在人类生活的方方面面，军事领域、深海、太空、高危作业，终归要靠脑控机器人去完成。那为什么要医疗先行，唐洲平说，它是为大模型的建立打下基础。大脑信号复杂，个体差异大，同一个人不同状态下都可能变，算法要读懂它，只能靠大量高质量数据反复验证。手术台上的每一次放电，都是训练解码算法的原料。
How will Wuhan play the scenario card. Yirui De Chairman Cai Sheng'an believes scenarios are markets and markets are industries—grasping scenarios is grasping the "nose ring." He suggested Wuhan build 1 world-class demonstration scenario, 10 provincial-level ones, and 100 city-level ones. Tang Zhouping said true BCI is not only applied in medical scenarios; in the future medical applications will be just a small field, and BCI will be applied in every aspect of human life—military, deep sea, space, high-risk operations ultimately rely on brain-controlled robots. So why medical first. Tang Zhouping said it lays the foundation for building large models. Brain signals are complex with large individual differences; even the same person can change across states. Algorithms can only understand it through repeated validation with large amounts of high-quality data. Every discharge on the operating table is raw material for training decoding algorithms.
数据正在往武汉落。国家脑机接口高质量数据集建设任务放在同济，唐洲平团队与天勤生物联手做千猴脑图谱，华中科技大学伍冬睿团队联合同济医院，做出国内首个中文脑磁图语音数据集，为失语症患者重新开口铺路。人才也是绕不过去的一环。今年9月，全国首个脑科学与技术交叉学科博士点落在华中科技大学，唐洲平牵头申报。回过头看，武汉在光电子信息上走通的路是，先有实验室，再有产线、应用场景，最后有集群。脑机接口走的也是这条路，一步不省。唐洲平说，我们的目标不是追求科幻级应用，而是让更多人用得上、用得起这项技术。
Data is landing in Wuhan. The national BCI high-quality dataset construction task is placed at Tongji; Tang Zhouping's team partnered with Tianqin Biology on a "thousand-monkey brain map"; HUST's Wu Dongrui team partnered with Tongji Hospital to create China's first Chinese MEG speech dataset, paving the way for aphasia patients to speak again. Talent is also an unavoidable link. In September this year, the country's first "Brain Science and Technology" interdisciplinary doctoral program landed at HUST, with Tang Zhouping leading the application. Looking back, Wuhan's path in optoelectronics was—first laboratories, then production lines and application scenarios, finally clusters. BCI follows the same path, no step skipped. Tang Zhouping said, “Our goal is not to pursue sci-fi-level applications but to let more people access and afford this technology.”
